Roland
Notes: This combined product of French and German technology was conceived as early as 1964, but firing units were not delivered to military units of France until 1977, and Germany in 1978. There ware three flavors of Roland: the Roland 1, a clear-weather system, the Roland 2, designed for use in all weather conditions, and the Roland 3, which adds IR capability, upgraded sights and radar, and upgraded fire control computers. Roland 1 is now largely out of service; the firing units have mostly been upgraded to the Roland 2 standard, and the missiles destroyed or used for training purposes only. Roland 3 began replacing Roland 2 in NATO units as early as 1988, but budgetary difficulties have slowed the process considerably, and few Roland 3 launchers and missiles are actually in service. (France and Germany hope to have all their launchers and missiles replaced by Roland 3 by 2010.)
Twilight 2000 Notes: Roland 3 exists in somewhat greater numbers in the Twilight 2000 world, but Roland 1 launchers and missiles have also been placed back into service.
Merc 2000 Notes: Budget cuts have slowed Roland 3 acquisition to nearly zero.
Weight |
Accuracy |
Guidance |
Sensing |
Price |
|
Roland 1 |
(Ground Launcher) 552 kg, (Missile) 60 kg |
Average |
Radar |
All Aspect |
(Ground Launcher) $73475, (Missile) $22778 |
Roland 2 |
(Ground Launcher) 528 kg, (Missile) 66.5 kg |
Average |
Radar |
All Aspect |
(Ground Launcher) $88750, (Missile) $22819 |
Roland 3 |
(Ground Launcher) 566 kg, (Missile) 75 kg |
Easy |
Radar and IR |
All Aspect |
(Ground Launcher) $64200, (Missile) $25838 |
Weapon |
Reload |
Speed |
Min Rng |
Max Rng |
Damage |
Pen |
Type |
Roland 1 |
12 |
2170 |
500 |
4800 |
C29 B75 |
13C |
FRAG-HE |
Roland 2 |
13 |
2500 |
500 |
6300 |
C34 B80 |
17C |
FRAG-HE |
Roland 3 |
13 |
2850 |
500 |
8000 |
C38 B88 |
17C |
FRAG-HE |
Skyguard/Sparrow
Notes: This SAM system combines launchers for AIM-7E, AIM-7F, AIM-7M, or Aspide missiles and a Skyguard radar system for use in an air defense role. These are mid-budget systems used by some countries to improve or supplement their current air defense systems. The system can be used in conjunction with 35mm Oerlikon GDF-003 autocannon systems to provide a more comprehensive air defense solution. Known users include Egypt (who calls it the Amoun system), Greece (who calls it the Velos system), Taiwan, Kuwait, Spain (who use it with the Aspide missile, and calls it the Toledo system), and Italy and Thailand (also using it with the Aspide missile).
Twilight 2000 Notes: Thailand is not using this system, and Spain is using it with Sparrow missiles.
Weapon |
Weight |
Accuracy |
Guidance |
Sensing |
Price |
Skyguard/Sparrow |
(Launcher) 2930 kg |
NA |
NA |
NA |
$165445 |
AIM-7E |
205 kg |
Difficult |
Radar |
All Aspect |
$17760 |
AIM-7E2 |
205 kg |
Average |
Radar |
All Aspect |
$17760 |
AIM-7F |
228 kg |
Average |
Radar |
All Aspect |
$17728 |
AIM-7M |
228 kg |
Average |
Radar |
All Aspect |
$17768 |
Aspide |
220 kg |
Average |
Radar |
All Aspect |
$23724 |
Weapon |
Reload |
Speed |
Min Rng |
Max Rng |
Damage |
Pen |
Type |
AIM-7E |
49 |
3110 |
1600 |
44000 |
C42 B94 |
23C |
FRAG-HE |
AIM-7E2 |
49 |
3110 |
1070 |
44000 |
C47 B100 |
23C |
FRAG-HE |
AIM-7F |
49 |
3550 |
1600 |
80000 |
C54 B106 |
23C |
FRAG-HE |
AIM-7M |
49 |
4500 |
1600 |
88000 |
C60 B112 |
23C |
FRAG-HE |
Aspide |
49 |
6795 |
3500 |
75000 |
C54 B106 |
23C |
FRAG-HE |