Arzamas 1V18/1V19
Notes:
The BTR-60
1V18 Klyon-1 is a standard BTR-60PB that has been converted into a FIST vehicle.
Its turret has been replaced with one of a different shape and unarmed,
often called a “Darth Vader” turret due to its superficial resemblance to his
helmet. The turret houses extra day
and night observation gear as well as a laser rangefinder and laser designator.
The turret has a hatch. The vehicle also has a 4kW internal generator, a
fire direction computer, three long-range radios and one medium-range radio, and
an aiming circle inside the turret.
Later versions replace the radio teletype with a ruggedized laptop computer and
one of the long-range radios with a data-capable version, and add more vision
equipment and GLONASS. The BTR-60R-975 is similar, but for use by Tactical Air
Control Parties (TACPs); the difference is primarily in the radios carried. The
top of the vehicle has a collapsible AZI frame antenna and an extendible
10-meter radio mast. The 1V19
carries manual plotting equipment and hand-held calculators in its early
version, and still carries them as a backup in its later version. The rear of
the vehicle is suitably modified for the role.
The 1V19 is a
fire direction center variant of the BTR-60PB.
It is equipped with two long-range radios, one medium-range radio, a
radio teletype, and one short-range radio and the APPK computer system to
compute and calculate artillery and mortar firing solutions.
It turret is of the same shape as the 1V18 and it has a hatch atop it,
but it does not have the enhanced observation year or the laser rangefinder or
designator. The original 1V19 had two long-range radios, one medium-range radio,
a short-range radio, and a radio teletype, along with an extendible 10-meter
antenna and a
collapsible AZI frame antenna;
later versions
replace the radio teletype and the APPK with a more-capable computer and both of
the long-range radios with data-capable versions, and add a GLONASS system and a
hand-held laser rangefinder (to help place guns). The 1V19 has a 4kW generator
on its roof. The later versions also delete the AZI antenna in favor of a more
capable 10-meter antenna and whip antenna/radio combinations.
As with other
such vehicles, the 1V18 and 1V19 have many features in common with their parent
vehicle. The 1V18 and 1V19 are powered by a pair of GAZ-49B 90-horsepower
gasoline engines, each developing 90 horsepower.
One engine propels the second and fourth axles, and the second engine
propels the first and third axles.
Each engine has its own gear box and clutch, and the driver has a dual manual
transmission to contend with, making driving challenging to say the least.
The dual engine format means that if one engine goes out, the vehicle can
still drive at half speed, but causes the driving difficulties as stated.
The transmission layout is also quite complicated and prone to breakdown.
The suspension, as stated, is 8x8 and of the off-road-type, and shock
absorption is surprisingly effective.
The BTR-60 is fully amphibious with preparation (a trim vane must be
erected in front from the driver’s compartment, bilge pumps turned on, and a
waterjet turned on when the vehicle is floating; this takes four minutes). The
turret’s traverse and elevation are manual, and thus are slower than on newer
vehicles. The rear deck hatch is smaller than on the BTR-60PB, and the firing
ports are deleted. There is a small hatch on the right side the hull for the
gunner, and a full-sized hatch on the left side of the hull. In the front of the
vehicle is a winch with a capacity of 4.5 tons.
The 1V18 and 1V19 have a collective NBC system. The driver and commander
of the BTR-60 are in the front of the vehicle, behind bullet-resistant
windshields. The positions have vision blocks to their fronts and on their outer
sides. The driver and commander
also have small bullet-resistant windows to their right and left.
They have hatches over their positions which open to the front, with a
space for a night vision block.
Vehicle |
Price |
Fuel Type |
Load |
Veh Wt |
Crew |
Mnt |
Night Vision |
Radiological |
1V18 (Early) |
$211,621 |
G, A |
550 kg |
10.6 tons |
5 |
7 |
Passive IR (D, C, Turret), Image Intensification (Turret) |
Shielded |
1V18 (Late) |
$177,451 |
G, A |
550 kg |
10.6 tons |
5 |
8 |
Passive IR (D, C, Turret), Image Intensification (Turret), Thermal
Imaging (Turret) |
Shielded |
1V19 (Early) |
$152,901 |
G, A |
550 kg |
10.6 tons |
5 |
8 |
Passive IR (D, C) |
Shielded |
1V19 (Late) |
$187,115 |
G, A |
550 kg |
10.6 tons |
5 |
8 |
Passive IR (D, C) |
Shielded |
Vehicle |
Tr Mov |
Com Mov |
Fuel Cap |
Fuel Cons |
Config |
Susp |
Armor |
1V18/1V19 |
135/68 |
32/16/4 |
290 |
72 |
CiH |
W(4) |
TF2
TS2 TR2
HF5 HS2
HR2 |
Vehicle |
Fire Control |
Stabilization |
Armament |
Ammunition |
1V18/1V19 |
None |
None |
KPV, PKT |
500x14.5mm, 2000x7.62mm |
Arzamas 1V152
Notes: The 1V152
is called a “unified command vehicle;” of somewhat modular interior design,
there are two versions of the 1V152, a FIST vehicle and an FDC vehicle.
Both carry the same designation, but have different equipment and
different capabilities. Both were
introduced in the early-to-mid 1980s.
Both carry special equipment for their roles; though they may appear
externally like a standard BTR-80 at first, closer examination will reveal their
true natures – for example, they use a version of the BTR-80’s hull called by
NATO “Fat Body” and by the Russians the BTR-80UNsh chassis.
There are special, folding or retractable antennas on the front left of
the passenger compartment, on the right rear of the same compartment, and on the
front left of the bow roof. So far, the 1V152 vehicles have not been exported
outside of Russia and the former Soviet republics.
The 1V152 may be regarded in some sense as a more advanced 1V18/1V19,
being based on the BTR-80 and using more advanced electronics and systems.
Along with the 1V153 Ural-4320-based truck (carrying an MLRS), these
three vehicles belong to the KSAUO Kapustnik-B set of artillery vehicles.
The 1V152 FIST
The FIST version
uses a wider and somewhat taller turret which not only houses the
gunner/observer, but a large array of vision equipment, including extensive
night vision equipment and day vision equipment along with a laser rangefinder.
The original 1V152 had a relatively simple control computer to tie
together the inertial navigation system and the sensors and provide targeting
information to artillery, mortar, or MRL batteries.
This computer does not compute fire solutions, though it can calculate
corrections to observed fire. The
1V152 FIST has three long-range radios (two of them data capable), one
medium-range radio, and one short-range radio.
The 1V152 has an internal 4kW generator to power electronics and sensors
when the vehicle’s engine is off.
The 1V152 has a 10-meter extendible antenna for extended-range communications
and more advanced whip antennas.
The 1V152 also carries an assortment of maps and map markers, manual plotting
devices, and hand-held calculators as a backup for the computers. The 1V152
carries not only a turret-mounted laser rangefinder, but also a hand-held laser
rangefinder for use away from the vehicle; this laser rangefinder can be
connected by a cable to the vehicle’s artillery fire control computer to feed
information directly to it. The
vehicle also carries a hand-held image intensifier and several pairs of
binoculars.
Later versions
increase the capabilities and reliability of the main computer to allow it to
tie into the new GLONASS system or the inertial navigation system, and give
recommendations on what round might be the most effective.
This computer can produce limited fire solutions, though they will not be
as accurate as those produced by a dedicated FDC. The improved version has an
advanced active/passive IR viewer with a range of 1500 meters in the passive
mode and 3000 meters in the active mode; the 1V152 FIST has a small IR
searchlight for use when the IR is in the active mode.
The improved version adds a thermal imager and a laser designator.
The 1V152 FDC
The 1V152 FDC is
the fire control component of the 1V152 system.
In its original iteration, the 1V152 FDC carries two data-capable
long-range radios, a medium-range radio, and a short-range radio.
The 1V152 FDC has a limited computer able to compute fire solutions
(though only two at a time), and use the data transmitted by FIST vehicles
(manual input must be used). The
1V152 FDC uses the same turret as the BTR-80 from which it derived, but that
turret does not have the PKT coaxial machinegun.
On the roof is a 10-meter collapsible antenna, and several advanced whip
antennas which are longer than normal whip antennas.
The original 1V152 FDC is equipped with an inertial navigation system
with gyroscopic backup. It has a survey system to help lay out firing positions
for the guns, mortars, or MRLs.
Newer 1V152 FDCs add a third long-range radio, a more capable computer able to
calculate multiple fire solutions at once as well as fully and
semi-automatically integrate information from FIST vehicles with much reduced
user input. The newer 1V152 FDC
also adds a GLONASS system and a hand-held laser rangefinder to help determine
proper firing positions for its guns, mortars, or MRLs; this laser rangefinder
can be connected to the computer by a cable, and directly input its information.
The 1V152 also carries an assortment of manual aids to producing fire
positions and determining firing positions, in case of equipment failure.
The 1V152 FDC carries an internal 4kW generator to power its electronics
while the engine is turned off.
Common Features
The BTR-80 and
the two 1V152 vehicle have a number of common features. The 1V152 vehicles have
bullet-resistant windshields and small windows to the sides which are very
resistant to gunshots. The
commander and driver have vision blocks to the front and to their respective
sides to supplement this, and each have a night vision block.
The driver’s controls are conventional and easy to use.
The turret is stepped up and, based on experiences in Afghanistan, the
weapons are capable of very high elevation (almost straight up) and depression
of -12 degrees. The new mantlet bulges outwards from the front of the turret,
and the turret is a little taller, giving the gunner a better field of view.
The turret has electric traverse and elevation. The turret has a cluster
of four smoke grenade launchers on either side of the turret.
Firing ports are deleted, and the roof hatches are smaller than on the
BTR-80. The crew enter and exit through enlarged side hatches, which are
clamshell hatches opening upwards and downwards. The 1V152s are powered by a
single KamAZ-7403 260-horsepower turbocharged diesel engine, which, though the
they have a manual transmission, greatly decreases the difficulty of the
driver’s task as well as greatly simplifying the transmission and drive train,
and increasing reliability. Suspension is 8x8 and of the off-road-type, with
run-flat tires. The 1V152s are amphibious with preparation; when floating, a
waterjet at the rear is turned on. The 1V152s have an NBC overpressure system
with collective NBC backup, and radiological shielding. The 1V152s have a winch
in the front with a capacity of 4.5 tons and 60 meters of cable.
Vehicle |
Price |
Fuel Type |
Load |
Veh Wt |
Crew |
Mnt |
Night Vision |
Radiological |
1V152 FIST (Early) |
$352,902 |
D, A |
900 kg |
14 tons |
4 |
10 |
Passive IR (D,
C, Turret), Image Intensification (C, Turret) |
Shielded |
1V152 FIST (Late) |
$279,882 |
D, A |
900 kg |
14 tons |
4 |
10 |
Passive IR (D, C), Advanced Active/Passive IR (Turret), Image
Intensification (C, Turret), Thermal Imaging (Turret) |
Shielded |
1V152 FDC (Early) |
$194,793 |
D, A |
900 kg |
14 tons |
4 |
10 |
Passive IR (D, C, Turret) |
Shielded |
1V152 FDC (Late) |
$256,723 |
D, A |
900 kg |
14 tons |
4 |
10 |
Passive IR (D, C, Turret) |
Shielded |
Vehicle |
Tr Mov |
Com Mov |
Fuel Cap |
Fuel Cons |
Config |
Susp |
Armor |
1V152 FIST/FDC |
141/71 |
33/16/4 |
300 |
140 |
CiH |
W(6) |
TF4
TS4 TR4
HF5Sp HS3
HR3* |
Vehicle |
Fire Control |
Stabilization |
Armament |
Ammunition |
1V152 FIST |
+1 |
Basic |
KPV, PKT |
500x14.5mm, 2000x7.62mm |
1V152 FDC |
+1 |
Basic |
KPV |
500x14.5mm |
*This vehicle has a floor AV of 4Sp.
Kharkov 1V12 Mashina System
Notes:
This is a blanket designation referring to a family of vehicles that are
used for artillery fire control purposes.
These vehicles are based upon the MT-LBu chassis, with a raised
superstructure in the rear of the vehicle. There are four vehicles in the 1V12
system. So far, the 1V12 system has
not been exported, and the Russians and some former Soviet republics continue to
use the system. These vehicles are a part of the Russian KSAUO system of
vehicles, designed for support of artillery, MLRS, and SAM units.
1V13 Battery Command/FDC Vehicle
The 1V13 is the
deputy battery commander’s vehicle, which is also used as the battery fire
direction center (FDC); it has two long-range data-capable radios and one
short-range vehicle. Early versions
also had a radio teletype, later replaced by the computer listed next. Later
versions have a ruggedized laptop computer, which can communicate directly with
battery fire control computers (if so equipped).
The computer can send and receive target coordinates, use internal maps
to synthesize target coordinates (if enough information is known), and produce
fire solutions particular to each gun, mortar, or MRL in the battery.
The 1V13 can receive visual information from the 1V14’s sensors if both
the 1V14 and 1V13 are so equipped. The 1V13 can also survey battery locations,
and locations to place each gun, and feed that information into the fire control
computers of the guns (again, if so equipped; otherwise, it must be done
manually). The 1V13 also includes a
hand-held laser rangefinder to manually input the gun locations into the 1V13’s
computer. (Before the computer, the laser rangefinder was still available, but
fire plotting had to be done mostly manually, with only a small computer of very
limited capabilities.) The early
versions were equipped with inertial navigation, but newer versions replaced
this with GLONASS (but retained the inertial navigation equipment as a backup).
The 1V13 has a manually-rotating commander’s cupola with a pintle-mounted
weapon; this cupola has an aiming circle inscribed on the ring of the cupola,
for quick fire solutions or pre-set bracketed or surveyed targets.
These vehicles
were upgrades in the 1980s, producing the 1V13-3 Mashina-M.
The upgrades are in most cases minor system upgrades, but include
upgraded radios, the DShK replaced by an NSVT in a larger cupola, and an 8kW APU
on the right rear roof.
1V14 Faltset FISTV
The 1V14 serves
as the observation post for the battery commander; and is essentially a light
FISTV. The 1V14 has one long-range
data-capable computer and three medium-range radios.
Early versions were equipped with a radio teletype, but this was replaced
by a computer (not as comprehensive as the 1V13’s computer). It can also survey
gun locations as a secondary feature.
The primary equipment, of course, is its observation gear – it has
enhanced day and night vision gear, a laser rangefinder, and a laser designator,
contained in a turret enlarged from that of the MT-LB and also armed with a
light machinegun. To facilitate
long-range communication, the 1V14 has a 10-meter telescoping antenna which
extends from the rear right roof.
The computer-equipped version can transmit its sensor information to higher
headquarters, target coordinates, and preliminary fire solutions for the battery
(not the individual guns). Early versions used inertial navigation, but later
versions use GLONASS for navigation, with an inertial navigation backup. Later
versions also upgraded the day and night vision, including a 1x/6x/20x day
telescope, an advanced image intensifier which gives a +4 to observation, and an
advanced FLIR with a range of 8 kilometers.
Later versions are identified by the 1V14-3 Faltset-M appellation.
1V15 Command Vehicle
The 1V15 is for
use by the battalion commander; as such, it is more a command post than a strict
artillery support vehicle, though it can function as an FDC
in extremis.
It has one short-range, two medium range, and two long-range radios; the
long-range radios are data-capable. The 1V15 has the same sort of 10-meter
extendable antenna as the 1V14 to extend radio range. The 1V15 also originally
included a radio teletype, but it was one of the first of the 1V12 series to
receive a ruggedized laptop computer in the late 1980s, and a second one was
added in the mid-1990s. The 1V15
can also survey gun positions, has a laser rangefinder linked to the
computers(s) to help establish firing positions for the guns, and some night
vision gear. These items are
contained, along with a light machinegun, in a small, flattened turret similar
to that of the 1V14. Initial navigation gear for the 1V15 was inertial
navigation, but this has since been supplanted with GLONASS, with the inertial
navigation gear being retained as a backup. Vehicles that have been though the
same electrical and mechanical upgrades and life extension programs as the 1V13
are designated 1V15-3.
1V16 Battalion Command/FDC Vehicle
The 1V16 is the
deputy battalion commander’s vehicle that also serves as the battalion FDC; as
such it can control the component batteries in the battalion (especially with
later updates) and has as a part of its primary responsibility maintaining
communications with the 1V14s in the battalion.
The 1V16 has two long-range data-capable radios and three medium-range
radios, as well as a 10-meter extendable antenna.
Early versions also had a radio teletype, though this was later replaced
by a ruggedized laptop computer which can not only receive orders and
information, but also generate fire solutions.
(Backup manual plotting gear is carried, as well as items such as
calculators.) The 1V16 can do gun surveys, and also has a set of meteorological
instruments to measure local weather conditions that may affect the battalion’s
guns and their fire. Early 1V16’s
had simple computers which helped do calculations and analyze the weather
information. As with the rest of
this series, early 1V16s had inertial navigation equipment; this was later
supplanted with GLONASS equipment, with the inertial navigation retained as a
backup. The 1V16 has the same
commander’s cupola as on the 1V13 – however, an upgraded version carries an 8kW
APU in place of the turret, and has only a small, rotating cupola with a PKM on
the front right side. Vehicles that
have been though the same electrical and mechanical upgrades and life extension
programs as the 1V13 are designated 1V16-3.
Common Features
Other than the
mission-specific equipment and outfitting, the 1V12 series is similar to the
MT-LBu. The 1V12 series do not have dedicated gunner’s positions, as on much of
the MT-LBu-based vehicles; the commander mans a cupola or small turret, and the
normal MT-LBu commander’s space is used for equipment storage instead.
The driver is in the
front left of the 1V12, with the commander’s former position to the right, and a
small aisle between their positions that links to the rear of the vehicle. The
driver has a hatch on the front face of the vehicle; the hatch in front of the
former commander’s position is still there. These are not normally used for
ingress and egress from the vehicle, as they open only part way (so that they
are standing just slightly above straight out from the front face), and both the
commander’s former position and driver’s position have normal hatches above
their positions. The front hatches
are square, while those above their positions are oval.
(It should be noted that the normal commander’s seat is still there, so
potentially a passenger could sit there.) Other than the cupola or a hatch on
the turret roof, there are no hatches atop the 1V12. The engine is a YaMZ-238N
300-horsepower diesel which is actually an adapted heavy truck engine.
The engine gives the 1V12 a 5.5-ton towing capacity. The 1V12 has an
automatic transmission, and the driver has conventional driving controls – a
steering yoke, a gas pedal, and a brake pedal. Like other MT-LBu-series
vehicles, the 1V12 series is amphibious with a minimal amount of preparation (a
trim vane must be erected and bilge pumps turned on), though on the 1V12 a
crewmember must leave the vehicle to erect the trim vane instead of simply
climbing out onto the front of the vehicle, so 7 minutes are required for
preparation instead of five. The 1V12 variants are equipped with an NBC
overpressure system.
Vehicle |
Price |
Fuel Type |
Load |
Veh Wt |
Crew |
Mnt |
Night Vision |
Radiological |
1V13 (Early) |
$151,536 |
D, A |
375 kg |
16.5 tons |
6 |
13 |
Passive IR (D) |
Shielded |
1V13 (Late) |
$250,586 |
D, A |
375 kg |
16.5 tons |
6 |
14 |
Passive IR (D) |
Shielded |
1V13-3 |
$252,586 |
D, A |
367 kg |
16.82 tons |
6 |
16 |
Passive IR (D) |
Shielded |
1V14 (Early) |
$360,730 |
D, A |
375 kg |
16.5 tons |
6 |
13 |
Passive IR (D, C), Image Intensification (C), Thermal Imaging (C) |
Shielded |
1V14 (Late) |
$382,280 |
D, A |
375 kg |
16.5 tons |
6 |
14 |
Passive IR (D, C), Advanced Image Intensification (C), Advanced FLIR (C) |
Shielded |
1V15 (Early) |
$181,280 |
D, A |
400 kg |
16.4 tons |
7 |
13 |
Passive IR (D, C), Image Intensification (C) |
Shielded |
1V15 (Mid) |
$221,280 |
D, A |
400 kg |
16.4 tons |
7 |
13 |
Passive IR (D, C), Image Intensification (C) |
Shielded |
1V15 (Late) |
$332,330 |
D, A |
400 kg |
16.4 tons |
7 |
14 |
Passive IR (D, C), Image Intensification (C) |
Shielded |
1V16 (Early) |
$101,936 |
D, A |
375 kg |
16.5 tons |
7 |
13 |
Passive IR (D) |
Shielded |
1V16 (Late) |
$256,136 |
D, A |
375 kg |
16.5 tons |
7 |
14 |
Passive IR (D) |
Shielded |
Vehicle |
Tr Mov |
Com Mov |
Fuel Cap |
Fuel Cons |
Config |
Susp |
Armor |
1V13/1V16 |
125/87 |
30/20/3 |
540 |
135 |
Stnd |
T3 |
HF5 HS2
HR2 |
1V13-3 |
124/86 |
30/20/3 |
540 |
136 |
Stnd |
T3 |
HF5 HS2
HR2 |
1V14 |
125/87 |
30/20/3 |
540 |
135 |
CiH |
T3 |
TF4 TS2
TR2 HF5
HS2 HR2 |
1V15 |
126/88 |
30/20/3 |
540 |
135 |
CiH |
T3 |
TF4 TS2
TR2 HF5
HS2 HR2 |
Vehicle |
Fire Control |
Stabilization |
Armament |
Ammunition |
1V13/1V16 |
None |
None |
DShK (C) |
500x12.7mm |
1V13-3 |
None |
None |
NSVT (C) |
500x12.7mm |
1V14/1V15 |
None |
None |
PKT |
1000x7.62mm |
Volgograd JSC 1V118 Reostat/1V119 Spektr
Notes:
These two vehicles are based on the BMD-1 chassis and have a number of
features in common (other than the mechanics and hull of their base chassis).
The Reostat and Spektr are used by Russian Airborne and Naval Infantry units,
depending on the vehicle, as FDCs and FISTVs for their units’ mortars and
artillery (whether self-propelled or ground-mounted).
So far, only the Russians use them.
Both are based on BMD-1 chassis, but have their turrets removed;
externally, they look very much like BTR-Ds, but can be identified apart from
the BTR-D by the lesser amount of roadwheels, greater amount of antennas, and
generally smaller size. Both have s
simple commander’s cupola, but this cupola is not armed, and is primarily used
for observation. Armament is restricted to one machinegun in the right bow; this
weapon may be aimed and fired from the commander’s position or by the driver.
Internally, they are far different from the BMD-1, however; the crampness of the
interior is, if anything, exacerbated.
1V118 Reostat FISTV
The 1V118
Reostat is the FISTV component of the system.
Much of the rear area is taken up by the sensor package, which elevates
on a 10-meter extendible mast. The
Reostat’s sensor package is equipped with several day and night vision devices
and telescopic sights. It also has
both a long-range laser rangefinder and long-range laser designator, both with a
range of 8 kilometers; the commander and one of the crewmembers in the rear has
controls to elevate and lower this mast and down/over links to their position
from the sensor package. The commander has a special sight which has an aiming
reticle for the laser designator and range information projected on it; one of
the crewmembers in the rear also has this information downlinked to him, though
the aiming reticle and range information is projected by his equipment instead
of a special direct-view sight like the commander has.
Behind the sensor package is a combination ground
surveillance/artillery/mortar counterbattery radar with a range of 14
kilometers; the sensor package is on the right and the radar on the left and
slightly ahead of the sensor package/mast, so both can be used at once. When the
sensor package is lowered, armored panels close over it; the radar dish does not
lower and is always on the roof. Other equipment in the rear includes two
long-range data-capable radios and a short-range radio.
Early versions had a small, low-capability computer to coordinate the
sensor package and the radar and help the crewmembers digest the information for
transmission to artillery or mortar batteries, and to send target coordinates.
This computer had little ability to actually come up with fire solutions,
however. Since the early 1990s, a
full ruggedized computer was installed, along with two decent-sized LCD screens
supplying target information, range, target status, and information from the
sensor package and the radar. This
computer also has a number of maps stored in its memory, and can match them to
the target coordinates and information. This computer has been upgraded a number
of times since its introduction.
The Reostat was introduced with inertial navigation, but this was replaced by
GLONASS in the mid-1990s and the inertial navigation unit became a backup.
1V119 Spektr FDC
The 1V119 Spektr
is the FDC component of the system.
This vehicle has two long-range data-capable computers, a medium-range radio,
and short-range radio. Initial
versions had a computer capable of taking the information received from the
Reostat and generating fire solutions from it, as well as giving the proper fire
solution for each gun in the battery (assuming the battery location information
given it by the crew is accurate).
The vehicle has a hand-held laser rangefinder, primarily to help it get proper
coordinates for each gun or mortar. The Spektr also has the ability to survey
gun and mortar sites. This early Spektr has inertial navigation. Later versions
have a more comprehensive computer, capable of being connected by cable to the
laser rangefinder and more fully use the information transmitted to it by the
Reostat. It quickly generates fire
solutions for the battery, and can also keep up with the locations of enemy and
friendly units (manual input), to help reduce friendly fire.
The later Spektr has a GLONASS navigation system, complete with computer
storage for scores of maps, with the inertial navigation system being kept as a
backup.
Common Features
Features in
common with the BMD-1 are as follows: The driver is in the center front hull,
but the engine is in the rear. One
rear deck hatch is retained and is the entry and exit point for the crew in the
hull. The left bow position of the BMD-1 hull is not used except for equipment
storage. The gunner’s seat of the
right bow is also not present, and there is another small space for equipment
storage instead. Like the BMD-1,
the bow machinegun of the Reostat and Spektr has a narrow field of fire –
depending on the source, 20-30 degrees.
The hull side firing ports are deleted in the Reostat and Spektr.
The commander’s periscope is also deleted.
The engine is
270-horsepower 5D-20 diesel engine, giving the Reostat and Spektr good power for
its light weight; the transmission is manual. Armor protection is surprisingly
good given the light weight; however, to save weight, the Soviets used magnesium
alloy for the armor, which could go up like a Roman candle when hit.
The suspension is specially-designed for the Reostat and Spektr’s role;
it is a variable-height hydropneumatic suspension that allows the Reostat and
Spektr to “squat” when being carried in aircraft and being airdropped.
The roadwheels are likewise small, and the tracks are a mere 230mm wide.
A side-effect of this suspension appears to be a relatively decent ride.
The Reostat and Spektr is amphibious with a little preparation – a trim
vane must be erected, bilge pumps turned on, and a periscope must be inserted
into a socket and extended by the driver.
The bilge pump has a manual backup. This takes 10 minutes.
Propulsion in the water is by hydrojets. The hydrojets have shutters
which allow for surprising maneuverability when swimming – the Reostat and
Spektr can turn a complete circle in place while floating.
This is aided by the hydrojets’ being able to suck in water as well as
expel it.
Vehicle |
Price |
Fuel Type |
Load |
Veh Wt |
Crew |
Mnt |
Night Vision |
Radiological |
1V118 Reostat (Early) |
$453,382 |
D, A |
200 kg |
13.4 tons |
4 |
11 |
Passive IR (D, Mast), Image Intensification (Mast), Thermal Imaging
(Mast), Radar (Roof) |
Shielded |
1V118 Reostat (Late) |
$297,594 |
D, A |
200 kg |
13.4 tons |
4 |
12 |
Passive IR (D, Mast), Image Intensification (Mast), Thermal Imaging
(Mast), Radar (Roof) |
Shielded |
1V119 Spektr (Early) |
$223,586 |
D, A |
200 kg |
13.3 tons |
4 |
11 |
Passive IR (D) |
Shielded |
1V119 Spektr (Late) |
$207,096 |
D, A |
200 kg |
13.3 tons |
4 |
11 |
Passive IR (D) |
Shielded |
Vehicle |
Tr Mov |
Com Mov |
Fuel Cap |
Fuel Cons |
Config |
Susp |
Armor |
1V118 Reostat |
147/103 |
36/22/9 |
300 |
113 |
CiH |
T3 |
TF2
TS2 TR2
HF8 HS4
HR4* |
1V119 Spektr |
148/104 |
36/22/9 |
300 |
112 |
Trtd |
T3 |
TF2
TS2 TR2
HF8 HS4
HR4* |
Vehicle |
Fire Control |
Stabilization |
Armament |
Ammunition |
1V118/1V119 |
None |
None |
PKT (Right Bow) |
2000x7.62mm |
*The “turret” refers to the radar dish or the mast-mounted sensor package (when
extended). As such, no crew
casualties are possible when hitting the dish, and all such results are treated
as electronics damage instead. When
firing at the Reostat, the chance of hitting the radar dish or mast is 50/50,
unless the mast is not raised, in which case all such hits are on the radar
dish.
KMZ PRP-3 Bal/PRP-4 Nard
Notes: The PRP-3
was the initial FIST version of the BMP-1, entering service in the early 1970s.
When first spotted by NATO, it was given the temporary NATO reporting
designation of BMP M-1975, and some sources refer to it as the BMP-SON. In the
Russian Army, the PRP-3 is normally attached to 122mm or 152mm-equipped
artillery units, though it can spot for mortar or MRL units as well.
The PRP-3 served with Russian and some Warsaw Pact units into the late
1980s, by which time it was almost totally replaced by the PRP-4.
Numbers of them, however, are still kept in reserve in Russia.
Though I have not been able to substantiate it, some sources say that
some PRP-3s are still used by Romania and Bulgaria.
Other than some Warsaw Pact country use, the PRP-3 was not exported.
The PRP-4 is a modernized version of the PRP-3, with virtually all
electronic systems and sensor equipment upgraded.
The PRP-3
The basic hull
of the PRP-3 is virtually identical to the BMP-1’s, though all firing ports have
been deleted and the hatch arrangement has been changed a great deal.
The driver is still on the right front side and the commander is in the
turret with a hatch above him, but on the hull roof, there are only two small
hatches just behind the turret. The
turret has a second hatch for another observer; the turret is a two-man turret.
The rear doors remain. One of the
largest changes and recognition features are in the turret; the turret is wider
than the BMP-1’s and is armed with only a single machinegun.
This turret has a number of projections and boxes on it, which are the
heads for the PRP-3’s sensors and telescopic day and night vision equipment.
The passive IR scope on the PRP-3 has somewhat extended range – it has a
500-meter base range. The turret’s
image intensifier likewise is a bit more effective than most image intensifiers,
adding 3 to the user’s observation. (The driver’s image intensifier is
standard.) Most of the night vision
equipment is in a large box with a hinged cover on the right side. The
machinegun is aimed and fired using of these boxes on the roof of the turret; it
is a periscopic vision block with an aiming reticle on it.
The aiming reticle includes a small ballistic computer. Other boxes on
the turret include a laser rangefinder and a separate commander’s telescopic
scope and IR scope. The laser
rangefinder may double as a laser designator, for both aircraft and
ground-launched laser-guided missiles, or laser-guided artillery projectiles.
The PRP-3 has an inertial navigation system, with a gyro course indicator and
gyrocompass as a backup. The PRP-3 has three smoke grenade launchers on each
side of the turret, and 90mm folding illumination shell launcher, for which 20
rounds are carried; the smoke grenade launchers are on either side of the
turret, and the illumination shell launcher is just behind the turret.
Though some of
the radios are in the turret, they are generally routed through the equipment of
the two men in the back of the vehicle.
This includes one long-range radio, one medium-range radio, and one
short-range radio. The PRP-3 has a
10-meter extendible antenna to extend radio range. They also have access to a
simple computer to help calculate ranging and use information from the inertial
navigation equipment and gyrocompass, though it has no capability to calculate
fire solutions. The troops in the
rear also have manual plotting gear, maps, and hand-held calculators.
The crew in the rear control perhaps the most obvious of the recognition
features: a combination ground surveillance and mortar/artillery counterbattery
radar called “Small Fred” by NATO and the 1RL126 by Russia.
The antenna folds flat against the vehicle when not in use.
The Small Fred has a detection range of 20 kilometers, and can track
large moving objects such as vehicles at 10 kilometers or personnel at 1
kilometer. (Sources are contradictory as to whether the Small Fred operates in
the J-band or K-band.)
The PRP-4
The PRP-4 is a
development of the PRP-3, essentially a PRP-3 with updated sensors, vision
devices, and electronics. The PRP-4
retains inertial navigation with a gyroscopic backup/supplement, though the
system is updated, more accurate, and more compact.
Both the fire direction computer and the ballistic computer are likewise
updated and are more compact and more reliable.
The night vision has been improved – the passive IR has a base range of
1500 meters in passive mode or a range of 3000 meters when used in the active
mode, and the image intensifier (except for the driver’s) adds 4 to the user’s
observation. The PRP-4 has a small
IR searchlight for use in conjunction with the IR viewer when it is in the
active mode. The PRP-4 has two large shuttered boxes, one on each side of the
turret; the one on the left side houses the thermal imager and the laser
rangefinder, and the one on the right houses the passive IR, image intensifier,
and day vision equipment. On the
turret roof on the left side is the head for the laser rangefinder, which is
likewise improved in reliability and more compact, in addition to acting also as
a laser designator. The PRP-4 also
carries a hand-held laser rangefinder for use when away from the vehicle, and
this can be attached by a cable to the vehicle’s computer.
The commander’s rotating periscopic vision block has been given its own
night vision device, which is a standard passive IR device and not the enhanced
one which is on the side of the turret. The radar has been replaced with the
more advanced 1RL133 (“Tall Mike”) radar, which has a detection range of 25
kilometers, and a tracking range of 12 kilometers against vehicles and 2
kilometers against personnel. It
can also track low-flying helicopters (those flying at not more 3000 meters) at
a range of 7 kilometers. As the
Tall Mike is more compact and technology had advanced, the radar dish can be
folded and pulled into the vehicle under armored doors when it is not in use.
The PRP-4 has one data-capable long-range radio, one other long-range
radio, one medium-range radio, and one short-range radio.
The computer on the PRP-4 is more capable and gives results quicker, as
well as able to take data directly from the vehicle’s sensors and couple it with
the inertial navigation and mapping equipment.
The PRP-4M
Deyteriy and PRP-4MU Deyteriy have much of the same improvements as the improved
BMP-1
(Ob’yekt 765Sp2),
including incremental reliability improvements to the electronics, and
suspension. The PRP-4M and PRP-MU have a higher hull and changes to nose section
for better flotation that increased length by 200mm, making the PRP-4M and MU a
better swimming platform.
The exhaust port behind
the turret was fitted with an extendible snorkel for amphibious operations and
deep fording. A small air intake to
the left of and in front of the driver was removed, again to increase swimming
integrity. Improvements were made to the NBC (overpressure and backup
collective) system and engine to improve reliability.
The PRP-MU also has an increased-capability computer, which can do fire
solutions if required, and adds a laser designator. For game purposes, the
PRP-4M is identical to the PRP-4, except that players will find that many of the
electronic parts are different when their characters attempt to fix the
electronics; the PRP-4MU is a little different in game terms as listed below.
The PRP-4M and PRP-4MU have a fake turret build, including a faux 30mm
autocannon barrel re that of the BMP-2.
The machinegun is retained as the “coaxial.”
No other VISMODs have been made to the vehicle.
Common Features
The PRP-3 and
PRP-4 have a
UTD-20 300-horsepower diesel engine is mounted in the front to the right of the
driver, and is coupled to a manual transmission.
The BMP-1’s engine has a limited multi-fuel capability – it can burn
almost any grade of diesel fuel, and it can also burn kerosene. The PRP-3 and
PRP-4 may lay a thick, oily smoke screen by injecting diesel fuel into its
exhaust. The ground pressure is relatively low, and the PRP-3 and PRP-4 can
cross fairly deep snow without getting bogged down; it can also traverse some
swampy terrain with a reasonable chance of success.
The PRP-3 and PRP-4 are also amphibious with minimal preparation; a trim
vane must be erected at the front and bilge pumps turned on.
The hull is airtight once the rear doors are closed, and buoyancy is
assisted by hollow roadwheels and roadwheel arms with air chambers in them.
The amphibious capability is rather limited – a current as little as 1.2
meters per second (4.3 kilometers per hour) can swamp a PRP-3 or PRP-4.
Cross-country travel, however, is unpleasant for the crew and passengers,
particularly on a long trip or at high speeds, as even on the improved versions,
the shock absorbers suck and the ride is bouncy, sometimes to the point of being
violently bouncy. As with the
BMP-1, crews often fill the PRP-3’s and PRP-4’s rear tanks with sand or water to
help address the vulnerabilities of the vehicle to rear-quarter shots, and add
on ad hoc appliqué armor.
Vehicle |
Price |
Fuel Type |
Load |
Veh Wt |
Crew |
Mnt |
Night Vision |
Radiological |
PRP-3 |
$948,268 |
D, A |
425 kg |
13.2 tons |
5 |
10 |
Enhanced Passive IR (Turret), Image Intensification (D), Enhanced Image
Intensification (Turret), Radar |
Shielded |
PRP-4 |
$860,974 |
D, A |
425 kg |
13.2 tons |
5 |
10 |
Enhanced Active/Passive IR (Turret), Image Intensification (D), Enhanced
Image Intensification (Turret), Thermal Imaging (Turret) Radar |
Shielded |
PRP-4MU |
$652,389 |
G, A |
425 kg |
13.2 tons |
5 |
10 |
Enhanced Active/Passive IR (Turret), Image Intensification (D), Enhanced
Image Intensification (Turret), Thermal Imaging (Turret) Radar |
Shielded |
Vehicle |
Tr Mov |
Com Mov |
Fuel Cap |
Fuel Cons |
Config |
Susp |
Armor |
PRP-3/PRP-4 |
148/104 |
36/22/4 |
462 |
132 |
Trtd* |
T3 |
TF10
TS6 TR6
HF8 HS4
HR4* |
Vehicle |
Fire Control |
Stabilization |
Armament |
Ammunition |
PRP-3/PRP-4 |
+1 |
Basic |
PKT |
2000x7.62mm |
*On the PRP-3 and the PRP-4 (if the dish is deployed), a “Turret” hit is 25%
likely to hit the radar dish instead.
If so, use the Crew-in-Hull tables to find the vehicle damage, and any
result which indicates crew casualties results in electronics damage instead.
The radar dish is considered to have an all-around AV of 2 for this
purpose. If the dish is not deployed, use the standard damage table for a
turreted vehicle.